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Joint communications and sensing (JCAS) is envisioned as a key feature in future wireless communications networks. In massive MIMO-JCAS systems, the very large number of antennas causes excessively high computational complexity in beamforming designs. In this work, we investigate a low-complexity massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)-JCAS system employing the maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) scheme for both communications and sensing. We first derive closed-form expressions for the achievable communications rate and Cram´er–Rao bound (CRB) as functions of the large-scale fading channel coefficients. Then, we develop a power allocation strategy based on successive convex approximation to maximize the communications sum rate while guaranteeing the CRB constraint and transmit power budget. Our analysis shows that the introduction of sensing functionality increases the beamforming uncertainty and inter-user interference on the communications side. However, these factors can be mitigated by deploying a very large number of antennas. The numerical results verify our findings and demonstrate the power allocation efficiency. 

Hybrid beamforming (HBF) is a key enabler for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications systems, but HBF optimizations are often non-convex and of large dimension. In this paper, we propose an efficient deep unfolding-based HBF scheme, referred to as ManNet-HBF, that approximately maximizes the system spectral efficiency (SE). It first factorizes the optimal digital beamformer into analog and digital terms, and then reformulates the resultant matrix factorization problem as an equivalent maximum-likelihood problem, whose analog beamforming solution is vectorized and estimated efficiently with ManNet, a lightweight deep neural network. Numerical results verify that the proposed ManNet-HBF approach has near-optimal performance comparable to or better than conventional model-based counterparts, with very low complexity and a fast run time. For example, in a simulation with 128 transmit antennas, it attains 98.62% the SE of the Riemannian manifold scheme but 13250 times faster.